Forests are like their own little universes. Just like galaxies in the universe, there are ecosystems that operate independently of the whole, yet contribute to the vastness of the forest. These ecosystems can be borded by trees and brush. These trees can form an open or closed canopy.

Often seen in rain forests, closed canopies are a set of mature trees whose leaves and branches come together as if to enclose, or crown, the ecosystem.

Closed canopies can hamper the development of vegetation beneath it because the crown prevents much needed sunlight from getting through. However, in high winds and other disastrous weather, the canopy also protects the environment below.

Open canopies are a collection of tall trees that have not grown together to shield the sun away from the vegetation below.

Open canopies allow sunlight to shine through, therefore promoting the growth through photosynthesis of plants below. However, wildlife is less plentiful as it takes refuge under the cover of closed canopy areas.