How To Divide Fractions With Different Denominators
When you add or subtract two fractions, both fractions must have the same denominators. But for multiplying or dividing fractions, the denominators don't matter at all. When you multiply, you simply work straight across the fraction, multiplying all the numerators together and then all the denominators together. Dividing fractions works exactly the same, with the addition of one more step at the beginning.
Multiplying fractions with different denominators
Before you go on to dividing fractions, take a moment to review the process for multiplying fractions. You're going to need this skill for working division problems, too. If you're presented with a multiplication problem of the form "a/b x c/d," it doesn't matter what the denominators are. All you have to do is multiply the numerators together and write those as the numerator of your answer; then multiply the denominators together to get the denominator of your answer.
For example, calculate ⅖ x ⅓. Remember, for multiplication, it doesn't matter if your fractions have the same denominators. All you have to do is multiply straight across, which gives you (2 x 1)/(5 x 3). When simplified, this gives you 2/15.
If you can simplify your answer by canceling factors from both numerator and denominator, you should. But in this case you cannot simplify further, so your full answer is ⅖ x ⅓ = 2/15.
Dividing fractions
Now that you've reviewed how to multiply fractions, dividing fractions works almost the same — you just have to add one extra step. Flip the second fraction (also known as the divisor) upside down, and then change the operation to multiplication instead of division.
Your original division problem might look like this: a/b ÷ c/d. The first thing you do is flip the second fraction upside down, making it d/c; then change the division sign to a multiplication sign, which gives you a/b x d/c.
And because you practiced multiplying fractions, you know how to solve this. Just multiply across the numerators and the denominators, which gives you a result of a/b ÷ c/d = ad/bc.
Two examples of dividing fractions
Now that you know the process for dividing fractions, it's time to practice with a couple of examples.
Calculate 1/3 ÷ 8/9. Remember, your first step is to flip the second fraction upside down, and change the operation to multiplication. This gives you 1/3 x 9/8. Now, just multiply across and simplify: (1x9)/(3x8) = 9/24 = 3/8.
Calculate 11/10 ÷ 5/7. Note that one of these fractions is improper (its numerator is larger than its denominator). But that doesn't change the process for dividing fractions, so flip that second fraction upside down and change the operation to multiplication: 11/10 x 7/5. As before, multiply across and simplify if you can: (11 x 7)/(10 x 5) = 77/50. 77 and 50 don't share any common factors, so you can't simplify any further. So your final answer is 11/10 ÷ 5/7 = 77/50.
A Trick for Remembering
If you struggle to remember this, it might help to recall that multiplication and division are reciprocal operations; that is, one undoes the other. When you flip a fraction upside down, that's called a reciprocal, too. So d/c is the reciprocal of c/d, and vice versa.
That means that when you divide a fraction, you're actually performing the reciprocal operation on a reciprocal fraction. Both of those reciprocals have to be there for the problem to work out. If you only have one of them — say, if you did the reciprocal operation (multiplying) without first taking the reciprocal of that second fraction — your answer would not be correct.
What about dividing mixed numbers?
If you're asked to divide mixed numbers, watch out — it's a trap! Before you can proceed, you have to convert that mixed number to an improper fraction. Once that's done, you follow the exact same process you'd use for proper fractions. For example, an improper fraction, 11/10, could also be written as the mixed number 1 1/10.