A sextant is an instrument that is used to determine the angle between the horizon and a celestial body such as the Sun, the Moon or a star, and used in navigation to determine longitude and latitude. The name sextant comes from the Latin "sextus," meaning "one-sixth," as the sextant's arc spans 60 degrees. The sextant is made up of a number of different parts, which have to be arranged to take a reading.

The small mirror regulation screw is used to adjust the horizon mirror.

The frame provides the structure for the other parts of the sextant.

The release levers disengage the index arm, which holds the sextant in place, from the arc scale, allowing the index arm to move freely.

The filter is a colored transparent strip that protect the user's eyes from the sun in a similar manner to sunglasses.

The telescope directs the user's eyes to the horizon glass and magnifies the objects under observation.

The telescope clamp is a reinforcing circle that attaches the telescope to the sextant.

The eyepiece is the lens through which the user looks through the telescope.

The telescopic printing is the tube attaching the eyepiece to the telescope, which can be twisted for lens adjustment.

The horizon glass allows the user to look at one object directly on one side and observe a second object reflected next to it. One half of the horizon glass is silvered to convert the glass portion into a mirror, while the other side is clear glass.

The index plate is a large polished plate reflecting objects onto the horizon glass.

The Vernier scale is attached to the index arm, next to the micrometer drum and indicates tenths of a degree of an angle.

The micrometer drum is attached to the lower end of the index arm and rotated to make fine adjustments when measuring angles, and indicates minutes of a degree of angle.