Reduction Of Benzophenone By Sodium Borohydride

Benzophenone reacts with sodium borohydride in a methanol solution. The result is diphenylmethanol and a secondary reactant. The reduction starts with breaking the benzophenone carbon-oxygen double bond. The carbon attracts a hydrogen atom from borohydride, and the oxygen attracts a hydrogen atom from methanol.

Central carbon of benzophenone bonds with one hydrogen from borohydride (BH4), while the benzophenone oxygen briefly exists as an anion, which is a negatively charged atom.

The anionic oxygen (O-) attracts a second hydrogen atom from the carbon end of CH3OH. The main product, diphenylmethanol, differs from the original by the presence of an "OH" functional group.

When benzophenone reduces to diphenylmethanol, leftover products include the CH2OH and NaBH3 species. The energetic CH2OH and NaBH3 quickly bond to give (CH2OH)H3B-Na+. This complex is the main second product of benzophenone reduction.

In life, four benzophenone molecules react with each BH4 complex. Since four benzophenone molecules each attract a hydrogen atom from the "BH4" hydrogen donor, four "CH2OH"s bond with each boron (B) atom. Realistically, the secondary product is (CH2OH)4B-Na+ and four diphenylmethanol molecules. Focusing on one benzophenone molecule at a time is helpful for explaining and understanding reaction steps.