Tutorial of How to Calculate Altitude & Temperature

Tutorial of How to Calculate Altitude & Temperature
••• lago di como - winter atmosphere image by Raffaele Galbiati from Fotolia.com

Throughout our planet's lower atmosphere, the troposphere, the higher you go, the colder it gets. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and strikes the surface of Earth, warming it. The heat from the surface then rises through the atmosphere. The higher you go, the farther from the "heater" you get. After thermal stability in the boundary layer called the tropopause, the stratosphere, which is above the tropopause, warms up from bottom to top. The troposphere rises from ground level to about 16 km (53,000 feet) in altitude. The stratosphere climbs to 50 km (164,000 feet) high, just above the ozone layer.

    Record the temperature and your location's latitude. For the purpose of this exercise, use the global average temperature of 15 degrees C and a position at 45 degrees latitude, halfway between the equator and the pole.

    Calculate the temperature at the altitude of your choice in the troposphere. Temperatures in the troposphere drop an average of 6.5 degrees C per kilometer (3.5 degrees F per 1,000 feet) of altitude. Five kilometers up, the temperature would be 15 - (5 x 6.5) = -17.5 degrees C. This rough equation remains reasonably accurate up to the tropopause.

    Estimate the the temperature at the altitude of your choice in the tropopause. The tropopause maintains a more or less steady temperature from bottom to top at higher latitudes. In fact, the tropopause is in part defined by this thermal stability. The temperatures measure roughly -32 degrees C at 75 degrees latitude, -38 degrees C at 60 degrees latitude and -48 degrees C at 45 degrees latitude. Closer to the equator, the tropopause continues to cool. At 30 degrees latitude, the temperature falls to -60 degrees C at 15 km altitude before starting to rise. At the equator, the temperature hits -68 degrees C around 17 km high before rising. The average temperature of the entire tropopause is a steady -57 degrees C. The tropopause is coldest over the equator and warmest over the poles because as warm air rises and expands, it sucks up heat energy and cools the atmosphere. The more the air expands, the more it cools the surroundings -- and warm air expands more than cold air.

    Calculate the temperature at the altitude of your choice in the stratosphere. The temperature rises evenly through this atmospheric layer, on average. As noted in the previous step, your latitude is practical consideration. Real weather conditions, of course, are never so cut and dried. NASA supplies a formula that calculates the expected stratospheric temperature (T in degrees C) given the global average temperature of -57 degrees C at 25 km altitude. The formula is T = -131 + (0.003 * altitude in meters).

    Things You'll Need

    • Calculator
    • Map
    • Thermometer

Related Articles

How to Calculate Heat Transfer
How to Convert BTU to KW
How to Convert hPa to Altitude
How to Calculate Heat Loss During Pipeline Depressurization
How to Find Partial Pressures
How to Calculate Heat Transfer
How to Calculate Thermocouple Sensitivity
How to Calculate Evaporator Sizing
How to Convert Lux to Candela
How to Calculate QCAL
How to Convert Kilojoules to Kilocalories
Percentage of Water Vapor in the Atmosphere
How to Convert Inches to Cubic Feet
How to Calculate Cooling Rate
How to Calculate KVA From The Electric Bill
How to Calculate Energy Released & Absorbed
How to Calculate Time to Heat Water
How High Does the Atmosphere Extend From Earth?
How to Determine Square Feet Area

Dont Go!

We Have More Great Sciencing Articles!