How To Use An Array In Mathematics To Find Factors Of A Number

An array shows multiplication tables using objects. This is an easier approach for younger elementary students to visualize, rather than memorize, multiplication tables. For example: 3 x 4 = 12. To make an array to show this, you could use pennies to make three rows of four. This method can also be used to find the factors of a number in an easier way. Arrange arrays using coins, blocks or drawing dots on a piece of paper.

Step 1

Find factors of 12 using the pennies to make different arrays.

Step 2

Lay down the pennies, 12 at time only, to form different and even arrays. The arrays must be made evenly. To start, lay down 12 pennies in a straight line. This line represents one row of 12 columns, or 12 x 1 = 12; therefore, 12 and one are considered factors of 12.

Step 3

Lay down a second set of pennies to form a different and even square or rectangle. Form two rows of six columns each (or six rows of two columns). This represents 2 x 6 = 12; therefore, two and six are factors of 12.

Step 4

Lay down the last set of pennies to form an even square or rectangle. Form three rows of four columns (or four rows of three columns). This represents 3 x 4 = 12; therefore, three and four are factors of 12.

Step 5

Combine all of your arrays to compile all of the factors of 12: one, 12, two, six, three and four. Put these numbers in numerical order and you're finished:

One, two, three, four, six and 12 are all factors of the number 12.